Abstract: Due to the requirements of infrared stealth performance, the heat dissipation structure layout of a special energy storage shelter is limited. This research takes the battery system of a special energy storage shelter as the research object, and studies and analyzes heat dissipation caused by high rate discharge in a high temperature environment. A heat generation model of a battery module is constructed by using a heat generation model of size 18650 single lithium ion batteries, and simulation and tests of the temperature rise of the battery module are carried out to verify the accuracy of the heat generation model of the battery module. On this basis, the research numerically simulates forced air-cooling heat dissipation of the air conditioning of the special energy storage shelter, and calculates the temperature and the pressure at the discharging end node under specific extreme conditions. Besides, it obtains the temperature field and the pressure field inside the special energy storage shelter to explore the heat dissipation effect of its stealth air-cooling heat dissipation structure. The results show that in a high temperature environment of 40 ℃, the special energy storage shelter discharges at 3 C, and its air-conditioning forced air cooling system can still effectively ensure that the battery temperature remains within a reasonable working range.