Abstract: This paper takes Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces in southwest China as examples, and carries out carbon calculation of the transportation industry by using the energy consumption data of the three provinces from 2011 to 2019 through the emission coefficient method. The five common driving factors of energy structure, efficiency, industrial structure, economy and population are quantitatively analyzed, and, combined with the regional characteristics and traffic status of the three provinces, four factors are added for analysis, including public transportation participation, public transportation facility saturation, land use structure and green vegetation coverage. The analysis results show that, from 2011 to 2019, the average values of energy efficiency, residents’ public transportation participation and public transportation vehicle saturation in the three provinces are less than 1, having a suppressive effect on carbon emissions in the transportation industry, of which the most significant average value of energy efficiency inhibition is 0.952; the average value of the remaining six factors is greater than 1, which plays a promoting role, and the significant average value of the promoting role of the regional economic factors is 1.047. Finally, according to the research results, the paper proposes energy conservation and emission reduction for the transportation industry in the three provinces.